1198

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s
Years:	1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201

1198 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1198 MCXCVIII
Ab urbe condita	1951
Armenian calendar	647 ԹՎ ՈԽԷ
Assyrian calendar	5948
Balinese saka calendar	1119–1120
Bengali calendar	604–605
Berber calendar	2148
English Regnal year	9 Ric. 1 – 10 Ric. 1
Buddhist calendar	1742
Burmese calendar	560
Byzantine calendar	6706–6707
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3895 or 3688     — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3896 or 3689
Coptic calendar	914–915
Discordian calendar	2364
Ethiopian calendar	1190–1191
Hebrew calendar	4958–4959
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1254–1255
- Shaka Samvat	1119–1120
- Kali Yuga	4298–4299
Holocene calendar	11198
Igbo calendar	198–199
Iranian calendar	576–577
Islamic calendar	594–595
Japanese calendar	Kenkyū 9 (建久９年)
Javanese calendar	1106–1107
Julian calendar	1198 MCXCVIII
Korean calendar	3531
Minguo calendar	714 before ROC 民前714年
Nanakshahi calendar	−270
Seleucid era	1509/1510 AG
Thai solar calendar	1740–1741
Tibetan calendar	阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 1324 or 943 or 171     — to — 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 1325 or 944 or 172

Pope Innocent III (r. 1198–1216)

Year 1198 (MCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• March 8 – Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected "King of Germany" by his supporters at Mühlhausen in Thuringia. Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elects Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as Philip's rival. Otto IV is crowned as King of the Romans in Aachen by supporters of the House of Welf. Philip's coronation does not take place until September 8, at Mainz.
• May 17 – Frederick II, infant son of the late Emperor Henry VI, is crowned King of Sicily. His mother, Queen Constance I becomes regent, while she surrounds herself with local advisors. On November 27, Constance dies in the royal palace at Palermo. She is succeeded by the new pope, Innocent III, who becomes Frederick's guardian and mentor.

England

• John of England captures a party of 18 French knights and many men-at-arms, in the ongoing conflict against France.^[1] His brother, King Richard I (the Lionheart) introduces a new Great Seal – in an attempt to keep the war against France funded. The government proclaims that charters previously struck with the old seal are no longer valid and must be renewed with a fresh payment.^[2] The office of Lord Warden of the Stannaries is also introduced, to tax the produce of tin mines in Cornwall and Devon.^[3]
• September 27 – Battle of Gisors: Richard I defeats the French forces led by Philip II (Augustus) at Courcelles-lès-Gisors, in Picardy. Richard captures three castles on the border of the Vexin. The French troops, many of them mounted, crowd the bridge leading into Gisors Castle but it collapses beneath them. The French king is among those who plunge into the water in his armor. Many French knights drown, but Philip is pulled to safety.

Levant

• Spring – Amalric I, ruler of Cyprus, marries Princess Isabella I, daughter of the late King Amalric I. A few days later they are crowned as King and Queen of Jerusalem at Acre. On July 1, Amalric signs a truce with Al-Adil I, sultan of Egypt and Syria, securing the Crusader possessions from Acre to as far as Antioch.^[4]

Asia

• February 18 – Emperor Go-Toba (or Toba the Second) abdicates the throne in favor of his two-year-old son Tsuchimikado, after a 14-year reign.
• Emperor Ningzong of Song bans the practice of Neo-Confucianism.^[5]

By topic

Literature

• December 11 – Averroes (or Ibn Rushd), Arab polymath and physician, dies. He is the author of more than 100 books, for which he is known in the western world as The Commentator and Father of Rationalism.^[6]

Religion

• January 8 – Pope Celestine III dies at Rome, after a pontificate of nearly 7 years. He is succeeded by Innocent III, as the 176th pope of the Catholic Church. Shortly after he lays an interdict on Laon, in an attempt to create independent beliefs there. This will be followed by interdicts against France in 1199, and Normandy in 1203.
• Innocent III excommunicates Philip II for repudiating his marriage to Ingeborg of Denmark (see 1193), to whom he took an almost instant dislike, but public opinion forces Philip to effect a reconciliation with the pope.

Births

• May 4 – Kyaswa, ruler of the Pagan Empire (d. 1251)
• July 11 – Hōjō Shigetoki, Japanese samurai (d. 1261)
• August 24 – Alexander II, king of Scotland (d. 1249)
• September 25 – Ai Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1234)
• Baldwin III, Flemish nobleman and knight (d. 1244)
• Beatrice of Savoy, countess of Provence (d. 1266)
• Beatrice of Swabia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1212)
• Hugh I of Châtillon, French nobleman and knight (d. 1248)
• Branca of Portugal, Portuguese princess (d. 1240)
• Fujiwara no Tameie, Japanese waka poet (d. 1275)
• Humbert V de Beaujeu, French constable (d. 1250)
• Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari, Arab missionary (d. 1292)
• John de Braose (Tadody), English nobleman (d. 1232)
• Konrad the Curly, Polish nobleman (approximate date)
• Koun Ejō, Japanese Sōtō Zen monk and priest (d. 1280)
• Marie of France, French princess and duchess (d. 1224)
• Minamoto no Ichiman, Japanese nobleman (d. 1203)
• Ordoño Álvarez, Spanish abbot and cardinal (d. 1285)
• Ramon Berenguer IV, Spanish nobleman (d. 1245)
• Siraj al-Din Urmavi, Ayyubid philosopher (d. 1283)
• Sybilla of Lusignan, queen of Lesser Armenia (d. 1230)

Deaths

• January 8 – Celestine III, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1106)
• February 1 – Walram I (of Laurenburg), German nobleman
• March 11 – Marie of France, French princess and countess (b. 1145)
• April 16 – Frederick I (the Catholic), duke of Austria (b. 1175)
• July 7 – George II (Xiphilinos), patriarch of Constantinople
• July 24 – Berthold of Hanover, German apostle and bishop
• August 13 – Hellicha of Wittelsbach, duchess of Bohemia
• September 10 – Richard FitzNeal, bishop of London (b. 1130)
• November 27
  • Abraham ben David, French rabbi (b. 1125)
  • Constance I, queen regent of Sicily (b. 1154)
• November 29 – Al-Aziz Uthman, sultan of Egypt (b. 1171)
• December 2 – Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, High King of Ireland
• December 11 – Averroes, Arab judge and physician (b. 1126)
• Abu Madyan, Andalusian mystic and Sufi master (b. 1126)
• Alix of France, French princess and countess (approximate date)
• Constantine II (de Martis), ruler of the Judicate of Logudoro
• Donatus of Ripacandida, Italian monk and saint (b. 1179)
• Dulce of Aragon (or Barcelona), queen of Portugal (b. 1160)
• Nerses of Lambron, Armenian archbishop and writer (b. 1153)
• Walter Fitz Robert, English nobleman and knight (b. 1124)
• William of Newburgh, English historian and writer (b. 1136)
• Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1139)

References

1. King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 47
2. King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 62
3. King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 124
4. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 79–82. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
5. Twitchett, Denis (2009). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 5: The Sung dynasty and its Predecessors, 907–1279. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 787. ISBN 9780521812481.
6. Gill, John (2009). Andalucía: A Cultural History, pp. 108–110. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537610-4.