1190s in England

Events from the 1190s in England.

Incumbents

• Monarch – Richard I (to 6 April 1199), then John

Events

• 1190
  • 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
  • 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
  • 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.^[1]
  • 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
  • 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.^[2]
  • Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.^[1]
  • First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
• 1191
  • 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre^[3] on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
  • 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.^[2]
  • 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.^[2]
  • October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.^[1]
  • 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
  • Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
• 1192
  • 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.^[2]
  • 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
  • 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
  • Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.^[1]
  • Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.^[4]
  • Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
• 1193
  • 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
  • 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.^[5]
• 1194
  • 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
  • c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
  • 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.^[2]
  • 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.^[1]
  • 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
  • 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.^[2]
  • 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.^[2]
  • Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.^[5]
  • September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed. Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.^[1]
  • Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
• 1195
  • Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.^[1]
  • Bushmead Priory founded.
  • New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
• 1196
  • Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbern.
  • Assize of Measures establishes the ell as the standard English measure, and regulates the production of cloth.^[1]
• 1197
  • A statute establishes standard weights and measures.^[2]
• 1198
  • June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.^[1]
  • June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
  • September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.^[1]
• 1199
  • 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.^[1]
  • 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.^[2]
  • 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.^[2]
  • Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.^[5]
  • King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.^[1]
  • St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
  • St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.

Births

• 1193
  • William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (died 1254)
• 1195
  • Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (died 1265)
• 1197
  • Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised (died 1253)

Deaths

• 1190
  • 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
  • Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
• 1191
  • 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
• 1194
  • Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
• 1195
  • Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (born c. 1125)
• 1196
  • William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
• 1197
  • William Longchamp, Lord Chancellor
• 1198
  • William of Newburgh, historian (born c. 1136)
• 1199
  • 6 April – Richard I of England (killed in battle) (born 1157)
  • 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (born 1165)
• uncertain
  • William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester

References

1. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
2. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
3. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
4. Sutton, Ian (1999). Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
5. Morgan, Kenneth O. (1998). The Oxford Popular History of Britain. Parragon. ISBN 0-7525-2572-7.