قزم أسود

القزم الأسود أو القزم المعتِم هو بقايا نجم نسق أساسي ينشأ عندما يبرد القزم الأشعل بشكل كبير ولا يرسل حرارة أو ضوء لمسافة كبيرة. وقدر الزمن اللازم لتحول القزم الأشعل إلى قزم معتِم بأنه أكبر من عمر الكون الحالي والمقدر 13.7 مليار سنة. لذلك لا يتوقع وجود أقزام معتِمة في الكون حالياً. وتحدد درجة حرارة أبرد قزم أشعل عمر الكون. ينتج القزم الأشعل من بقايا نجم متوسط أو صغير الكتلة من النسق الأساسي (كتلته أقل من 9-10 مرات من كتلة الشمس، ويتم هذا التحول بعد استهلاك وانصهار جميع العناصر التي لديها حرارة احتراق عالية.[1] وما يتبقى يتحول إلى كرة كثيفة من مادة ذات إلكترونات منحلة والتي تبرد ببطأ عن طريق الإشعاع الحراري لينتهي إلى قزم معتِم.[2][3] وحتى لو كان القزم المعتِم موجود فإنه من الصعب تحديده أو رصده لأنه سيبعث القليل من الإشعاع حسب تعريفه. وتعتبر إحدى النظريات أنه يمكن تحديده من خلال تأثير الجاذبية.[4]

المراجع

  1. ^ §3, Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. (2003). "How Massive Single Stars End Their Life". Astrophysical Journal. ج. 591 ع. 1: 288–300. arXiv:astro-ph/0212469. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..288H. DOI:10.1086/375341.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  2. ^ Johnson، Jennifer. "Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars" (PDF). جامعة ولاية أوهايو. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-10-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-05-03.
  3. ^ Richmond، Michael. "Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars". Rochester Institute of Technology. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2006-08-04.
  4. ^ Charles Alcock, Robyn A. Allsman, David Alves, Tim S. Axelrod, Andrew C. Becker, David Bennett, Kem H. Cook, Andrew J. Drake, Ken C. Freeman, Kim Griest, Matt Lehner, Stuart Marshall, Dante Minniti, Bruce Peterson, Mark Pratt, Peter Quinn, Alex Rodgers, Chris Stubbs, Will Sutherland, Austin Tomaney, Thor Vandehei, Doug L. Welch (1999). "Baryonic Dark Matter: The Results from Microlensing Surveys". In the Third Stromlo Symposium: the Galactic Halo. ج. 165: 362. Bibcode:1999ASPC..165..362A.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
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