Hans Bethe

Dr Hans Albrecht Bethe (* 2. Juli 1906 z Stroossburg; † 6. Merz 2005 z Ithaca, Nöi York) isch e dütsch-amerikanische Füsiker und Nobelbriisdreeger für Füsik (1967) gsi. Er isch e Pionier bi dr Aawändig vo dr Kwantemechanik uf de verschiidenste Gebiet vo dr Füsik gsi.

Hans Bethe

Arbet

Dr Bethe het in dr Festkörperfüsik aagfange und 1929 über d Energiiniwoo vom ene Atom in Kristall gschriibe (Kristallfäldtheorii), 1930 het er d Brämsig vo Elektrone in Materie erforscht, was braktischi Aawändige z. B. für Detektore het, 1931 d Spinwälle in äinere Dimension, won er mit em Bethe-Aasatz glöst het, 1933 e Monografii uusegee über d Elektronetheorii vo de Metall, 1934 het er d Brämsstraalig vo relativistische Elektrone undersuecht, ere früeje Aawändig vo dr Kwanteelektrodünamik (QED), und 1935 s zwäidimensionale Isingmodäll (order-disorder transition).

Wääred em Zwäte Wältchrieg het dr Bethe, wo 1933 vor de Nazi us Dütschland het müesse flüchte, am Manhattan-Projekt gschafft, wo z Los Alamos die erste Atombombe entwigglet het. Vo 1943 bis 1946 isch er dört Diräkter vo dr Abdäilig für Theoretischi Füsik gsi.

1947 het dr Hans Bethe die as erste d Lamb-Verschiebig vo de Spektrallinie vom Wasserstoff in ere erste grobe nit-relatiwistische Nööcherig vo dr Kwanteelektrodünamik erklärt, und eso zäigt, ass s Broblem löösbar müess si, und bald druf häi dr Richard Feynman und dr Julian Schwinger mit dr relatiwistische Behandlig vom Brobleem aagfange.

Au noch em Chrieg het er e füerendi Rolle in dr Kärnfüsik gspiilt. 1949 het er d Theorii vo dr „effektive Riichwiti“ bi Kärnreakzione entwigglet. In de 1950er und 1960er Joor het er s kärnfüsikalische Vildäilibroblem am Modäll vo dr Kärnmaterie undersuecht. In de 1970er Joor het er die gfundene Zuestandsgliichige für Kärnmaterie denn au in dr Undersuechig vo Nöitronestärn aagwändet.

Si Nobelbriis het er für en Arbet us em Joor 1939 über wie d Energii in Stärn erzügt wirde, überchoo. Er het d Kärnreakzionschettene in Stärn wie dr Sunne identifiziert, wie dr Wasserstoff zu Helium verschmilzt bim Proton-Proton-Zyklus in dr Sunne und bim Choolestoff-Stickstoff-Zyklus in Stärn mit gröösserer Masse. As Anerkennig für sini theoretische Aarbede häisst dä jetz dr Bethe-Weizsäcker-Zyklus.

Litratuur

  • Jeremy Bernstein: Bethe. Prophet der Energie. Hirzel, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-7776-0442-9.
  • Gerald E. Brown: Hans Bethe and his physics. World Scientific Books, New Jersey, N.J. 2006, ISBN 981-256-610-4.
  • Robert E. Marshak (Hrsg.): Perspectives in modern physics. Essays in honour of Hans A. Bethe on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Interscience Publications, New York 1966
  • Silvan S. Schweber: In the shadow of the bomb. Bethe, Oppenheimer and the moral responsability of scientists. University Press, Princeton, N.J. 2000, ISBN 0-691-12785-9.
  • Silvan S. Schweber Nuclear Forces. The making of the physicist Hans Bethe, Harvard University Press 2012
  • Physics Today, 58. Jg. (2005), Oktober (verschiideni Ufsätz über e Hans Bethe).

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