Málaga

Málaga is 'n munisipaliteit van Spanje en die hoofstad van die provinsie Málaga, in die outonome gemeenskap van Andalusië. Met 'n bevolking van 591 637 in 2024,[1] is dit die tweede mees bevolkte stad in Andalusië en die sesde mees bevolkte in die land. Dit lê in Suid-Iberië aan die Costa del Sol ("Sonkus") van die Middellandse See, hoofsaaklik aan die linkeroewer van die Guadalhorce-rivier. Die stedelike kern het oorspronklik ontwikkel in die gebied tussen die Gibralfaro-heuwel en die Guadalmedina.

Die belangrikste sakesektore in Málaga is toerisme, konstruksie en tegnologiedienste, maar ander sektore soos vervoer en logistiek begin uit te brei. Málaga het gekonsolideer as 'n tegnologiese spilpunt, met maatskappye wat hoofsaaklik in die Málaga TechPark (Tegnologiepark van Andalusië) gekonsentreer is.[2] Dit huisves die hoofkwartier van die streek se grootste bank, Unicaja, en hou die vierde plek in terme van ekonomiese aktiwiteit in Spanje, naas Madrid, Barcelona en Valencia.[3] Wat vervoer betref, word Málaga bedien deur die Málaga–Costa del Sol-lughawe en die hawe van Málaga, en die stad is in 2007 met die hoëspoedspoornetwerk verbind.

Geskiedenis

Vroegste geskiedenis

Fenisiërs van Tirus het 'n kolonie met die naam Málaka teen ongeveer 770 v.C. gestig.[4] Die dorp het toegang tot die Guadalmedina beheer en het as 'n mikpunt op handelsroetes tussen Fenisië en die Straat van Gibraltar gedien. Soos ander Fenisiese kolonies, het dit gedurende die 6de of 5de eeu v.C. onder Kartaagse heerskappy geval. Die Fenisiese en Laat-Romeinse stedelike kern het ontwikkel rondom 'n gebied wat van die Gibralfaro-heuwel tot by die mond van die Malaca-flumen (Guadalmedina) strek.[5]

Na die Puniese Oorloë het die Romeinse Republiek beheer oorgeneem van die dorp wat aan hulle bekend was as Malaca. Teen die 1ste eeu v.C. het Strabo verwys na die Fenisiese profiel daarvan, in teenstelling met die Griekse (Helleense) kenmerke van die naburige nedersetting Mainake.[5]

20ste eeu

'n Keramiekbord van Málaga (14de eeu)

Ná die staatsgreep van Julie 1936 het die regering van die Tweede Republiek beheer oor Málaga behou. Sy hawe was 'n basis van die Republikeinse vloot aan die begin van die Spaanse Burgeroorlog. Dit is swaar gebombardeer deur Italiaanse oorlogskepe wat deelgeneem het aan die verbreking van die Republikeinse vloot se blokkade van Spaanse Marokko wat deur die nasionaliste beheer is, en deelgeneem het aan vlootbombardement van Malaga wat deur Republikeinse beheer gehou word. Ná die Francoistiese oorname in Februarie 1937 het meer as seweduisend mense gesterf terwyl hulle probeer het om te voet uit die stad te vlug met die pad na Almería.

Ligging

'n Satellietfoto gesentreer op Málaga

Málaga is geleë in die suide van die Iberiese Skiereiland, aan die Costa del Sol (die Sonkus) aan die noordekant van die Alboransee (die mees westelike gedeelte van die Middellandse See). Dit lê ongeveer 100 km oos van die Straat van Gibraltar, 130 km oos van Tarifa (die mees suidelike punt van die vasteland van Europa) en 130 km van Afrika se noordelike kuslyn.

Verwysings

Eksterne skakels

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