Wei Utara

Wei Utara

北魏
386–535
Asia pada tahun 500 Masehi, yang menampilkan wilayah Wei Utara dan wilayah-wilayah tetangganya
Asia pada tahun 500 Masehi, yang menampilkan wilayah Wei Utara dan wilayah-wilayah tetangganya
StatusKekaisaran
Ibu kotaShengle (386-398, ibukota bekas Dai, dekat Huhhot pada saat ini)
Pingcheng (398-493)
Luoyang (493-534)
Chang'an (534-535)
PemerintahanMonarchy
Kaisar 
• 386-409
Kaisar Daowu
• 424-452
Kaisar Taiwu
• 471-499
Kaisar Xiaowen
• 499-515
Kaisar Xuanwu
• 528-530
Kaisar Xiaozhuang
• 532-535
Kaisar Xiaowu
Sejarah 
• Didirikan
20 Februari[1] 386
• Klaim gelar kekaisaran Kaisar Daowu
24 Januari 399[2]
• Penyatuan utara China
439
• Pemindahan ibukota ke Luoyang
25 Oktober 493[3]
• Pembantaian kelas pemerintahan oleh Erzhu Rong
17 May 528[4]
• Pendirian Wei Timur, menandai pembagian
8 November[5] 535
• Kematian Kaisar Xiaowu
3 Februari 535[5]
Luas
450[6]2.000.000 km2 (770.000 sq mi)
Didahului oleh
Digantikan oleh
Bekas Qin
Yan Akhir
Xia (Enam Belas Kerajaan)
Yan Utara
Liang Utara
Wei Timur
Wei Barat
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • Lihat • Bicara
Info templat
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini
Wei Utara
Hanzi: 北魏
Makna harfiah: Wei Utara
Buddha Maitreya Wei Utara, 443 Masehi.
Patung Buddha Wei Utara. Berasal dari tahun 489. Museum Nasional Tokyo .
Model dari seorang pengendara unta Jalur Sutra, zaman Wei Utara.

Wei Utara (Hanzi: 北魏; Pinyin: Běi Wèi), yang juga dikenal dengan sebutan Tuoba Wei (拓跋魏), Wei Akhir (後魏), atau Yuan Wei (元魏), adalah sebuah dinasti yang didirikan oleh klan Tuoba dari Xianbei, yang memerintah utara China dari 386 sampai 534 (de jure sampai 535). Dideskripsikan sebagai "bagian dari sebuah era dengan turbulensi politik dan perubahan sosial dan budaya yang intens",[7] Dinasti Wei Utara sebagian besar dikenal karena menyatukan utara China pada 439: dinasti tersebut juga berada pada zaman di mana pemikiran-pemikiran asing diperkenalkan; seperti agama Buddha. Beberapa karya seni dan barang antik, baik dari penganut Daois dan Buddha, dari zaman tersebut masih ada. Pada zaman Taihe (477-499) dari Kaisar Xiaowen, para penasihat dewan mengadakan reformasi pembersihan dan memulai perubahan yang kemudian membuat dinasti tersebut memindahkan ibu kotanya dari Datong ke Luoyang, pada 494. Pada waktu itu, Gua Yungang dibuat di dekat Datong pada pertengahan sampai akhir abad ke-5, dan pada bagian akhir dinasti tersebut, Gua Longmen dibuat di luar ibu kota Luoyang, di mana lebih dari 30,000 gambar Buddha dari zaman dinasti tersebut ditemukan. Tuoba mengganti nama diri mereka sendiri menjadi Yuan sebagai bagian dari Sinikisasi yang sistematik. Pada akhir dinasti tersebut, permasalahan internal yang signifikan membuat dinasti tersebut terpecah menjadi Wei Timur dan Wei Barat.

Catatan

  1. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
  2. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 110.
  3. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 138.
  4. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 152.
  5. ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 156.
  6. ^ Rein Taagepera "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", Social Science History Vol. 3, 115-138 (1979)
  7. ^ Katherine R. Tsiang, p. 222

Referensi

  • Kitab Wei.
  • Jenner, W. J. F. Memories of Loyang: Yang Hsuan-chih and the lost capital (493-534). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
  • History of Northern Dynasties.
  • Tsiang, Katherine R. "Changing Patterns of Divinity and Reform in the Late Northern Wei" in The Art Bulletin, Vol. 84 No. 2 (June 2002), pp. 222–245.
  • Zizhi Tongjian.

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