Wabah virus Nipah Malaysia 1998–1999

Wabah virus Nipah Malaysia 1998–1999
Lokasi pertama munculnya virus di kota Ipoh pada tahun 1998 dan kemudian menyebar ke tempat-tempat lainya dengan warna biru, sementara sebaran virus Hendra dengan warna merah, kedua-duanya merupakan keluarga dari Paramyxoviridae.
Kawasan terdampak wabah virus nipah di Malaysia Barat, biru merupakan sumber asal-usul virus sedangkan warna merah adalah kawasan terdampak.
PenyakitVirus Nipah
Kasus pertamaSeptember 1998
AsalIpoh, Perak
Kasus terkonfirmasi265
Kematian
105

Wabah virus Nipah Malaysia 1998–1999 adalah wabah akibat penyakit yang disebut virus nipah yang terjadi dalam kurun September 1998 hingga Mei 1999 di beberapa negeri di Malaysia yaitu Perak, Negeri Sembilan dan Selangor. 105 orang dicatatkan meninggal dan 265 kasus Radang otak akut akibat virus itu.[1] Pada awalnya pemerintah Malaysia menduga bahwa Ensefalitis Jepang menjadi penyebab utama virus ini, tetapi seorang ahli virus Malaysia melakukan penelitian dan hasilnya virus ini adalah agen yang baru dan diberi nama virus nipah (NiV), virus nipah merupakan virus berbahaya seperti halnya virus ebola tetapi virus nipah ini lebih menyerang sistem otak dan bukannya saluran darah.[1][2]

Wabah virus nipah yang melanda Malaysia pada waktu itu telah menyebabkan kerugian yang besar terhadap kehidupan sosial manusia maupun perdagangan hewan ternak terutamanya sektor perdagangan babi.[3] Meski pada tahun 1999 virus ini mereda di Malaysia tetapi virus ini menyebar hingga ke Bangladesh dan India.[4][5]

Penyelidikan

Seorang ahli pengobatan virologi di Universitas Malaya, Kaw Bing Chua[6] telah menemukan sumber utama virus ini.[2] Melalui penyelidikanya, virus ini disebabkan oleh agen baru virus nipah (NiV). nama "Nipah" diambil dari nama sebuah kampung yaitu kampung Sungai Nipah di daerah Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan yang menjadi pusat penyelidikan virus ini.[7]

Asal usul virus diidentifikasi dari hewan codot kemudian bersama-sama dengan virus hendra (Hev) membentuk gen virus baru yang diberi nama Henipavirus (Hendra + Nipah) yang termasuk dalam keluarga Paramyxoviridae.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Lai-Meng Looi; Kaw-Bing Chua (2007). "Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia" (PDF). 29. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 Agustus 2019. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020 – via The Malaysian Journal of Pathology. 
  2. ^ a b Michaeleen Doucleff; Jane Greenhalgh (25 Februari 2017). "A Taste For Pork Helped A Deadly Virus Jump To Humans" (dalam bahasa Inggris). NPR. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020. The disease was as deadly as Ebola, but instead of attacking blood vessels, it attacked the brain. Young men would be healthy one day, the next day their brains would swell up. They couldn't walk or talk. They'd become comatose and some of them became paralysed. Yet the Malaysian government told people not to worry, it said the disease was coming from mosquitoes and it had it under control because it was spraying for mosquitoes. Both C. T. Tan and Kaw Bing Chua thought the government was wrong and there was one big clue: No Muslims were getting sick, mosquitoes don't care which religion you practice so if the disease was coming from mosquitoes, you would have Muslims, Hindus and Christians getting sick. But only Chinese Malaysians were catching the disease — and even more specifically, only Chinese farmers raising pigs. As you know, Muslims don't handle pigs. 
  3. ^ "Manual on the Diagnosis of Nipah Virus Infection in Animals" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Food and Agriculture Organization. 2002. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 Agustus 2019. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020. 
  4. ^ Brenda S. P. Ang; Tchoyoson C. C. Lim; Linfa Wang (2018). "Nipah Virus Infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. doi:10.1128/JCM.01875-17. PMID 29643201 – via American Society for Microbiology. 
  5. ^ "Nipah virus" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. 30 Mei 2018. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020. 
  6. ^ "Kaw Bing CHUA, MD, Ph.D, Senior Principal Investigator". tll.org.sg. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020. 
  7. ^ "Nipah Virus Infection" (PDF). Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 30 Agustus 2019. Diakses tanggal 15-07-2020. The virus is named after the Malaysian village where it was first discovered. This virus along with Hendra virus comprises a new genus designated Henipavirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. 

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