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Universal

Universal atau semesta artinya umum. Sebagai contoh, konsep kemanusiaan adalah konsep yang dipercaya berlaku universal, sebab konsep ini dipercaya dimiliki oleh setiap manusia tanpa membedakan apakah manusia tersebut berkulit hitam, berkulit putih, baragama Islam atau beragama Kristen, apakah ia orang Tionghoa atau orang Amerika. Lawan kata dari universal bisa khusus, bisa pula diskriminatif, dan sebagainya, tergantung pada konteks kalimat yang memuat kata universal.

Pengertian 'universal' dalam konsep matematika bisa lebih akurat untuk dijelaskan, walaupun lebih memerlukan ketekunan setiap orang untuk bisa memahaminya. Bahkan sebuah konsep matematika per se (itu sendiri) adalah sebuah konsep yang universal.

Salah satu cara yang termudah memahami sifat universal dari suatu konsep matematika adalah dengan melalui contoh konsep matematika yang biasanya dianggap sebagai konsep matematika yang termudah, yaitu konsep dari suatu bilangan, khususnya konsep suatu bilangan bulat yang positif, yaitu konsep bilangan asli.

Walaupun para matematikawan di seluruh dunia mendefinisikan hanya satu konsep himpunan semua bilangan-bilangan asli 1, 2, 3, ..., dan seterusnya, tetapi ajaibnya setiap manusia normal dengan pikiran yang berbeda pun ternyata bisa bersepakat (secara universal) dengan hanya satu konsep bilangan-bilangan asli tersebut. Fakta inilah yang menjadi dasar argumentasi bahwa konsep matematika adalah konsep yang bersifat universal.

Perhatikan, di dalam konsep himpunan bilangan asli, terkandung konsep urutan. Bersama-sama konsep urutan, terdefinisi pula konsep lebih besar dan lebih kecil. Sebagai akibatnya, di dalam himpunan semua bilangan asli, bilangan 1 didefinisikan sebagai bilangan yang terkecil sebab dalam konsep urutan tersebut, bilangan 1 berada pada posisi yang pertama.

Seringkali yang membedakan pemakai suatu konsep matematika dengan pemakai yang lain hanyalah pada simbol dan notasi matematika yang digunakannya.

Misalnya orang Romawi secara tertulis menggunakan simbol II untuk menyatakan bilangan yang biasa kita tulis dengan lambang 2

Secara lisan, orang Jawa mengucapkan loro untuk melambangkan bilangan yang biasa (dengan bahasa Indonesia) kita ucapkan dua.

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هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2017) إم. جيمس معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1898برث  الوفاة 8 مايو 1963وورثينغ  [لغات أخرى]‏  مواطنة أستراليا  الحياة العملية المهنة ممثل،  وعسكري  الخدمة

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) لويز هاي   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 يونيو 1935[1]  متز  الوفاة 28 أكتوبر 1989 (54 سنة) [1]  أوك بارك  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة فرنسا  الحياة العملية …

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