Spiritual (musik)

Spiritual
Sumber alirankaryya musik, himne Kristen
Sumber kebudayaanBudak Afrika di A.S.
Alat musik yang biasa digunakanVocal
Bentuk turunanBlues, musik injil

Spirituals (atau Spiritual negro[1][2][3][4][5][6]) adalah musik-musik keagamaan (utamanya Kristen) yang dibuat oleh budak orang Afrika di Amerika Serikat.

Terminologi dan asal mula

Istilah spiritual berasal dari musik spiritual. Efesus 5:19 berkata: "dan berkata-katalah seorang kepada yang lain dalam mazmur, kidung puji-pujian dan nyanyian rohani. Bernyanyi dan bersoraklah bagi Tuhan dengan segenap hati."

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ "The "Negro Spiritual" Scholarship Foundation". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08. 
  2. ^ "The Negro Spiritual Singers". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-29. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08. 
  3. ^ Negro Spirituals Heritage Day
  4. ^ "The Negro Spiritual Workshop". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-04. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08. 
  5. ^ negrospirituals.com
  6. ^ Negro Spirituals: Songs of Survival

Bacaan tambahan

  • William Eleazar Barton (1899/1972), Old Plantation Hymns: A Collection of Hitherto Unpublished Melodies of the Slave and the Freeman, with Historical and Descriptive Notes, reprint, New York: AMS Press.
  • Marc A. Bauch: Extending the Canon: Thomas Wentworth Higginson and African-American Spirituals (Munich, Germany, 2013)
  • Nash, Elizabeth (2007). "Autobiographical Reminiscences of African-American Classical Singers, 1853-Present". Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-5250-8

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