Polutan

Limpasan permukaan dari ladang pertanian di Iowa, Amerika Serikat selama hujan badai.

Polutan atau bahan pencemaran adalah bahan/benda yang menyebabkan pencemaran, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, seperti sampah. Secara sifat, polutan dapat dibedakan menjadi 4, yaitu:

  1. polutan fisik; yaitu polutan yang fisiknya mencemarkan lingkungan. Contohnya: pecahan botol, pecahan keramik, besi tua.
  2. polutan kimiawi; yaitu polutan yang berbentuk senyawa kimia baik senyawa sintetis maupun yang alami, yang karena konsentrasinya cukup tinggi sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran. Contohnya: gas CO, CO2, SO4, logam Pb(timbal), merkuri.
  3. polutan biologis; yaitu polutan yang berbentuk makhluk hidup yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran. Contohnya: bakteri E.Coli, tumbuhan gulma, dan sebagainya.
  4. polutan sosial budaya; yaitu polutan yang dapat berbentuk perilaku atau hasil budaya yang tidak sesuai dengan norma sosial budaya setempat, sehingga mengganggu kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat. Contohnya: anak-anak yang tawuran di daerah sekitar masyarakat.

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