Perang Italia 1542–1546

Perang Italia 1542-1546
Bagian dari Perang Italia

Pengepungan Nice oleh Angkatan Laut Prancis-Utsmaniyah pada 1543
Tanggal1542–46
LokasiInggris, Prancis, Italia, Spanyol, dan Belanda
Hasil Inkonklusif
Pihak terlibat
 Prancis
 Ottoman Empire
Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Kekaisarab Karl V:

Kerajaan Inggris
Elektorat Sachsen
Brandenburg
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Kerajaan Prancis François I
Kerajaan Prancis Dauphin Henry
Kerajaan Prancis Adipati Orléans
Kerajaan Prancis Count of Enghien
Kerajaan Prancis Claude d'Annebault
Kesultanan Utsmaniyah Hayreddin Barbarossa
Karl V, Kaisar Romawi Suci
Alfonso d'Avalos
Ferrante Gonzaga
Henry VIII
Adipati Norfolk
Adipati Suffolk
Viscount Lisle

Perang Italia merupakan konflik yang berkelanjutan dari Perang Italia, yang menghadapkan François I dari Prancis dan Suleiman I dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah untuk melawan Karl V, Kaisar Romawi Suci dan Henry VIII dari Inggris. Cakupan perang amat luas, termasuk Italia, Prancis, dan Belanda Rendah, sekaligus usaha untuk menginvasi Spanyol dan Inggris. Konflik tersebut bersifat inkonklusif dan banyak yang rusak untuk para patisipan utama dalam perang.

Perang ini muncul dari kegagalan Perdamaian Nice, yang diakhiri dengan Perang Italia 1536-1538, untuk menyelesaikan konflik jangka panjang antara Karl dan François-terutama klaim yang saling bertentangan mereka tentang Kadipaten Milan. Setelah menemukan alasan yang cocok, François mendeklarasikan perang melawan musuh abadi di 1542. Pertempuran dimulai sekaligus di seluruh Belanda Rendah; pada tahun berikutnya melihat Persekutuan Prancis-Utsmaniyah menyerang Nice, sebagai manuver di Italia utara yang memuncak pada pada pertempuran berdarah Ceresole. Kemudian, Karl dan Henri mulai menyerang Prancis, tetapi pengepungan panjang Boulogne-sur-Mer dan Saint Dizier mencegah serangan yang menentukan untuk melawan Prancis.

Karl datang untuk berdamai dengan François dengan Perjanjian Crepy pada akhir 1544, tetapi karena kematian anak François yang paling muda, Adipati Orléans-yang diusulkan akan menikah dengan seorang kerabat kaisar adalah landasan perjanjian-membuat hal tersebut diperdebatkan kurang dari tahun sesudahnya. Henri, ditinggalkan sendiri tetapi enggan mengembalikan Bolougne kepada Prancis, terus berjuang sampai 1546, ketika Perjanjian Andres akhirnya direstorasi perdamaiannya antara Inggris dan Prancis. Kematian François dan akhir pemerintahan Henri di awal 1547 meninggalkan resolusi dari Perang Italia untuk ahli warisnya.

Perjanjian Crépy

Karl kekurangan dana dan butuh biaya untuk menghadapi kerusuhan agama yang meningkat di Jerman, meminta Henry untuk melanjutkan invasinya atau untuk memungkinkannya untuk membuat perdamaian yang terpisah.[1] Saat Henry menerima surat Kaisar, namun, Karl telah menyimpulkan perjanjian dengan François—Perdamaian Crépy—yang ditandatangani oleh perwakilan raja di Crépy-en-Laonnais, Picardie pada 18 September 1544.[2]

Catatan bawah

  1. ^ Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 493.
  2. ^ Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, 74; Knecht, Renaissance Warrior, 493.

Referensi

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