Perang Hungaria–Cekoslowakia


Perang Hungaria-Cekoslowakia

Wilayah yang direbut oleh Republik Soviet Hungaria (merah muda) di Slowakia, Mei-Juni 1919
TanggalDesember 1918 – Juni 1919
LokasiSlowakia
Hasil
Pihak terlibat
 Republik Hungaria Pertama (hingga 21 Maret 1919)
Republik Soviet Hungaria (dari 21 Maret 1919)
Cekoslowakia Republik Cekoslowakia Pertama
Tokoh dan pemimpin

Béla Kun

Aurél Stromfeld
Ferenc Julier
Vilmos Böhm

Cekoslowakia Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

Cekoslowakia František Schöbl
Cekoslowakia Josef Štika
Cekoslowakia Josef Šnejdárek
Cekoslowakia Josef Votruba
Kekuatan
100.000 20.000
Korban
Korban tewas tidak diketahui
~450 ditangkap
864

Perang Hungaria-Cekoslowakia atau Kampanye Utara (bahasa Hungaria: északi hadjárat) adalah perang yang melibatkan Republik Soviet Hungaria melawan Republik Cekoslowakia Pertama dari April hingga Juni 1919.

Selama perang ini, Tentara Merah Hungaria terlibat dalam pertempuran melawan pasukan Cekoslowakia dan Rumania dengan keterlibatan Prancis secara diplomatik.[1] Pada tahap akhir perang ini, lebih dari 120.000 pasukan turut serta dalam konflik ini.

Untuk memenuhi janji kepada orang-orang Hungaria untuk merebut kembali wialyah yang telah lepas, Béla Kun menyatakan perang kepada Cekoslowakia. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperkuat dukungan kepadanya di dalam negeri. Angkatan Darat Hungaria merekrut laki-laki berusia 19 hingga 25 tahun. Para pekerja industri di Budapest menjadi sukarelawan. Banyak mantan perwira Austria-Hungaria yang direkrut atas dasar patriotisme. Pasukan Hungaria mengirim divisi artileri pertama dan kelima ke kawasan Hatvan. Pada tanggal 20 Mei 1919, Kolonel Aurél Stromfeld mengusir pasukan Cekoslowakia dari Miskolc dan juga merebut kota Košice dan Prešov, sehingga memisahkan pasukan Cekoslowakia dari Rumania.

Meskipun pemerintahan komunis di Hungaria berjanji akan mengembalikan perbatasan Hungaria seperti semula, mereka menyatakan pendirian Republik Soviet Slowakia di Prešov pada tanggal 16 Juni 1919.[2] Kelompok nasionalis dan patriot Hungaria lalu mulai menyadari bahwa pemerintahan komunis yang baru tidak sungguh-sungguh ingin merebut kembali wilayah yang telah lepas, tetapi hanya ingin menyebarkan ideologi komunis dan mendirikan negara-negara komunis di wilayah Eropa lainnya.[3] Walaupun berhasil memenangkan pertempuran melawan Cekoslowakia, Tentara Merah Hungaria mulai mengalami disintegrasi akibat ketegangan ini. Bahkan kepala staf umum Aurél Stromfeld mundur dari jabatannya karena ia menentang keputusan ini.[4]

Sekutu kemudian menekan pemerintah Hungaria, dan Hungaria kemudian mundur dari Slowakia setelah mendapat ultimatum dari Prancis dan juga jaminan bahwa pasukan Rumania akan mundur dari Tiszántúl. Namun, pasukan Rumania menolak mundur dari Hungaria, dan Perang Hungaria-Rumania 1919 pun berlangsung hingga wilayah Hungaria diduduki oleh Rumania dan pemerintahan komunis dijatuhkan.

Referensi

  1. ^ Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld (2000). "Hungarian War". A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 575. 
  2. ^ Jack A. Goldstone (2015). The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions. Routledge. hlm. 227. ISBN 9781135937584. 
  3. ^ Peter Pastor (1988). Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary and Its Neighbor States, 1918-1919, Volume 20. Social Science Monographs. hlm. 441. ISBN 9780880331371. 
  4. ^ Peter F. Sugar; Péter Hanák; Tibor Frank (1994). A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. hlm. 308. ISBN 9780253208675. 


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