Peng Shuzhi

Ini adalah nama Tionghoa; marganya adalah Peng.
Infobox orangPeng Shuzhi

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Biografi
Kelahiran27 November 1895 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Tiongkok Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Kematian28 November 1983 Edit nilai pada Wikidata (88 tahun)
Los Angeles Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party (en) Terjemahkan
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Data pribadi
PendidikanUniversitas Komunis Para Pekerja dari Timur Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Kegiatan
Pekerjaanpolitikus Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Partai politikPartai Komunis Tiongkok Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Peng Shuzhi (dieja Peng Shu-tse , Hanzi: 彭述之; Pinyin: Péng Shùzhī';[1] 1896–1983) adalah pemimpin awal Partai Komunis Tiongkok yang dikeluarkan dari partai karena dianggap menjadi seorang penganut Trotskyisme. Setelah kemenangan Partai Komunis di Tiongkok, ia tinggal berpindah-pindah di beberapa negara pengasingan Vietnam, Prancis, dan Amerika Serikat. Memoarnya diterbitkan di Prancis oleh putrinya, Cheng Yingxiang dan menantunya Claude Cadart.

Biografi

Peng lahir di Longhui, prefektur Baoqing, provinsi Hunan pada tahun 1896. Ia bergabung dengan Liga Pemuda Komunis Tiongkok pada tahun 1920, dan kemudian dikirim ke Moskow untuk belajar.[2] Setelah kembali ke Tiongkok pada bulan September 1924,[2] ia bergabung menjadi anggota Komite Sentral Partai Komunis Tiongkok, yang mengatur bagian propaganda Partai serta mengedit jurnal pusatnya selama revolusi 1925-1927. Selama masa ini, ia hidup dengan Chen Bilan (陳碧蘭) yang kemudian ia nikahi.[2] Dia dikeluarkan dari partai pada November 1929, bersama dengan Chen Duxiu karena mendukung paham Trotskyis.[2]

Tahun 1949, pada malam kemenangan Komunis di Tiongkok, Peng bersama keluarganya melarikan diri dari Shanghai menuju Hong Kong dan kemudian ke Saigon, Vietnam pada Januari 1950. Setelah sesama rekannya yang menganut paham Trotskis, Liu Jialiang (刘家良 ) ditangkap dan dibunuh oleh para agen Vietnam, pada bulan Juni 1951 Peng melarikan diri lagi ke Paris, ke markas Trotskyis Internasional Keempat.[3] Di Paris, putrinya Cheng Yingxiang (程映湘) menikah dengan ahli sinologi Prancis, Claude Cadart. Mereka kemudian mengorganisasi, menerjemahkan, dan menerbitkan memoar Peng yang berjudul L'envol du communisme en Chine.[3] Setelah itu, Peng dan istrinya pindah ke Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1972. Dia meninggal di Los Angeles pada tahun 1983.[3]

Karya

  • Peng Shu-tse, Leslie Evans: The Chinese Communist Party in Power. Pathfinder Press, 1980.
  • Li Fu-jen [Frank Glass], Peng Shu-tse: Revolutionaries in Mao’s Prisons: Case of the Chinese Trotskyists. 1974.

Literatur

  • Claude Cadart, Cheng Yingxiang: L’envol du communisme en Chine: Mémoires de Peng Shuzhi. Paris, Gallimard, 1983.
  • Joseph T. Miller: Peng Shuzhi and the Chinese Revolution: Notes Toward a Political Biography. In: Historical Materialism 12/2000; 8(1), p. 265-266.
  • Chén Bìlán: Wǒ de huíyì – yī gè Zhōngguó gémìngzhě de huígù 《我的回憶—一個中國革命者的回顧》. Hong Kong, Shíyuè shūwū 十月書屋 1994.
  • Chén Bìlán: Zǎoqī Zhōng-Gòng yǔ Tuōpài – wǒde gémìng shēngyá huìyì 《早期中共與托派—我的革命生涯會議》. Hong Kong, Tiāndì túshū yǒuxiàn gōngsī 天地圖書有限公司 2010.

Referensi

  1. ^ alias Ivan Petrov, Xi Zhao, Nan Guan, Tao Bo, Ou Bo.
  2. ^ a b c d Prophets unarmed : Chinese Trotskyists in revolution, war, jail, and the return from limbo. Benton, Gregor,. Chicago, IL. ISBN 9781608465545. OCLC 912383210. 
  3. ^ a b c Yan Jiaqi (2016-11-23). "彭述之33年的流亡生活". Independent Chinese PEN Center. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-14. 

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