Paru-paru besi

Paru-paru besi
Intervensi
Paru-paru besi Emerson
ICD-9-CM	93.99
MeSH	D015919

Paru-paru besi (pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Inggris: Iron lung) adalah jenis alat bantu pernapasan tekanan negatif (NPV), sebuah alat bantu pernapasan yang menutupi sebagian besar tubuh seseorang, dan memvariasikan tekanan udara di ruang tertutup, untuk merangsang pernapasan.^[1][2][3][4] Alat ini membantu pernapasan ketika kendali terhadap otot pernapasan hilang, atau kerja pernapasan melebihi kemampuan orang tersebut.^[1] Kebutuhan akan pengobatan ini dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit termasuk polio dan botulisme dan racun tertentu (sebagai contoh: barbiturat dan tubokurarina).

Penggunaan paru-paru besi sebagian besar sudah usang dalam pengobatan modern, karena terapi pernapasan yang lebih modern telah dikembangkan,^[5] dan karena pemberantasan polio di sebagian besar dunia.^[6] Namun, pada tahun 2020, pandemi Covid-19 menghidupkan kembali minat pada perangkat sebagai pengganti alat bantu pernapasan tekanan positif, yang murah dan cenderung lebih mudah dibuat, yang sebelumnya dikhawatirkan akan kalah jumlah oleh pasien yang berpotensi membutuhkan bantuan pernapasan buatan sementara jika tidak kembali memakai alat ini.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Referensi

Catatan kaki

1. Shneerson, Dr. John M., Newmarket General Hospital, (Newmarket, Suffolk, U.K.), "Non-invasive and domiciliary ventilation: negative pressure techniques," #5 of series "Assisted ventilation" in Thorax, 1991;46:131–35, retrieved April 12, 2020
2. Rockoff, Mark, M.D., "The Iron Lung and Polio,", video (8 minutes), January 11, 2016, OPENPediatrics and Boston Children's Hospital on YouTube, retrieved April 11, 2020 (historical background and images, explanatory diagrams, and live demonstrations)
3. Jackson, Christopher D., MD, Dept. of Internal Medicine, and Muthiah P Muthiah, MD, FCCP, D-ABSM, Assoc. Prof. of Medicine, Div. of Pulmonary / Critical Care / Sleep Medicine, Univ. of Tennessee College of Medicine-Memphis, et.al., "What is the background of the iron lung form of mechanical ventilation?," April 11, 2019, Medscape, retrieved April 12, 2020 (short summary of iron history and technology, with photo)
4. Grum, Cyril M., MD, and Melvin L. Morganroth, MD, "Initiating Mechanical Ventilation," in Intensive Care Medicine 1988;3:6–20, retrieved April 12, 2020
5. Corrado, A.; Ginanni, R.; Villella, G.; Gorini, M.; Augustynen, A.; Tozzi, D.; Peris, A.; Grifoni, S.; Messori, A.; Nozzoli, C.; Berni, G. (March 2004). "Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD". The European Respiratory Journal. 23 (3): 419–24. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00029304 . ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 15065832. 
6. Buncombe, Andrew (November 22, 2017). "America's last iron lung users on their lives spent inside obsolete ventilators". The Independent. 
7. "Modern iron lung designed to address ventilator shortage,", April 6, 2020, New Atlas, retrieved April 11, 2020
8. Laderas, Crystal, reporter: "Alberta team building modern 'iron lung' for COVID-19 in dire environments,", (video & text), March 25, 2020, as updated March 26, 2020, City News / Citytv, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada – also broadcast as "Bioengineers build modern 'iron lung’ for COVID-19 in dire environments: Scientists build a prototype 'iron lung' for COVID-19 patients in crisis environments. The machine is a last resort for patients when hospital ventilators are not available," (video only), March 25, 2020, 660 News / CityNews / Citytv, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, retrieved April 23, 2020
9. "One Kansas company is switching gears to make iron lung ventilators," (video & text), April 10, 2020, KSNW-TV, retrieved April 11, 2020
10. Allen, Margaret, "Hess offers iron lung for COVID-19," Diarsipkan 2021-02-25 di Wayback Machine. April 9, 2020, Hays Daily News, retrieved April 11, 2020

Daftar pustaka

• Emerson, JH; Loynes, JA (1978). The evolution of iron lungs: respirators of the body-encasing type. Cambridge, Massachusetts: J.H. Emerson Company. ^{[tanpa ISBN]}
• Martha Mason, a polio survivor, penned a best-selling memoir, Breath, about her life inside an iron lung.^{[tanpa ISBN]}
• Margaret Atwood mentions an iron lung in her book Cat's Eye^{[tanpa ISBN]}
• Peg Kehret mentions the use of an iron lung in her autobiographical book, Small Steps: The Year I Got Polio
• Elizabeth Berg shares a fictionalization of the true story of Pat Raming, the first woman to give birth to a baby while in an iron lung, in her book, We are All Welcome Here. 2006.^{[tanpa ISBN]}
• Respiration Without Breathing – about the Thunberg "barospirator" built by John Emerson.
• "A medical triumph: The iron lung", January–February 1979 Respir Ther., 9(1):71–73, on PubMed, NCBI, National Institutes of Health

Pranala luar

• "Paru-paru besi" Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Universitas Virginia (dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika)