Mullah Omar

Mohammed Omar Mujahid
محمد عمر مجاهد
Omar pada tahun 1993.[1]
Pemimpin Keamiran Islam Afganistan ke-1
Menjabat
(sebagai Kepala Negara Afganistan)

27 September 1996 – 13 November 2001
Disengketakan oleh Burhanuddin Rabbani (sebagai Presiden)
Perdana Menteri
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Burhanuddin Rabbani (sebagai Presiden)
Pengganti
Burhanuddin Rabbani (sebgaia Presiden)
Masa jabatan
4 April 1996[2] – 23 April 2013
Wakil
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Tidak ada, jabatan baru
Sebelum
Informasi pribadi
Lahir1960
Chah-i-Himmat, Distrik Khakrez, Kandahar, Afganistan
Meninggal23 April 2013(2013-04-23) (umur 52–53)
Zabul, Afghanistan[6]
Sebab kematianTuberkulosis[8][9][10]
MakamZabul, Afganistan[7]
Tinggi badan6 kaki 6 inci (198 cm)
Suami/istri3 istri
Anak5 atau 6 termasuk Mohammad Yaqoob
KerabatAbdul Manan Omari (saudara tiri)
Karier militer
Pihak Mujahideen (1983–1991)
Hezb-i Islami Khalis (1983–1991)
Afganistan Taliban (1994–2013)
Masa dinas1983–1991
1994–2013
Pertempuran/perangPerang Soviet–Afganistan

Perang Sipil Afganistan

IMDB: nm12586610 Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Mullah Mohammed Omar (bahasa Pashtun: ملا محمد عمر, Mullā Muḥammad 'Umar; 1960[13][14][15] – 23 April 2013)[8][9][16] adalah pemimpin Taliban Afganistan dan merupakan kepala negara Afganistan dari 1996 sampai 2001.

Lahir dari keluarga yang religius di Kandahar, Omar dididik di madrasah lokal di Afghanistan. Setelah invasi Soviet pada tahun 1979, dia bergabung dengan mujahidin Afghanistan dalam Perang Soviet–Afghanistan. Dia menjabat sebagai jenderal militer penting selama beberapa pertempuran kecil, kehilangan mata kanannya dalam sebuah ledakan. Setelah itu, Soviet mundur pada tahun 1989 dan pemerintahan komunis di Republik Demokratik Afghanistan digulingkan pada tahun 1992, memicu perang saudara di Afghanistan. Dia awalnya diam dan melanjutkan studinya, tetapi ketidaksetujuannya terhadap praktik bacha bazi dan praktik korupsi lainnya di negara tersebut mendorongnya untuk mengambil bagian dalam perang saudara. Pada tahun 1994, Omar, bersama para santri di Kandahar, membentuk Taliban, yang kemudian berhasil memenangkan perang saudara. Omar kemudian mendirikan Keamiran Islam Pertama Afghanistan, dengan Omar menjabat sebagai amir negara itu. Omar membentuk negara Islam, dipimpin oleh Dewan Tertinggi, yang memberlakukan syariah. Selama pemerintahan mereka dari tahun 1996 hingga 2001, Taliban secara luas dikutuk karena pembantaian terhadap warga sipil, diskriminasi terhadap agama dan etnis minoritas, melarang perempuan dari sekolah dan sebagian besar pekerjaan, dan penghancuran monumen budaya, termasuk Buddha Bamiyan, yang dipesan secara pribadi oleh Omar.[17]

Menyusul serangan 11 September tahun 2001, yang dilakukan oleh organisasi ekstremis al-Qaeda, yang telah diberikan perlindungan di Afghanistan oleh Taliban, Amerika Serikat menuntut agar Taliban menyerahkan pemimpin kelompok tersebut, Osama bin Laden. Mereka kemudian menyerang Afghanistan pada Oktober 2001 dengan bantuan beberapa negara sekutu dan organisasi militan Afghanistan, termasuk Aliansi Utara. Pada Desember 2001, pemerintahan Taliban digulingkan. Omar melarikan diri dari Kandahar, bersembunyi di Provinsi Zabul, dan mendelegasikan kendali operasional Taliban kepada para wakilnya. Di bawah komandonya, Taliban melancarkan pemberontakan pada tahun 2004 melawan pemerintah baru Afghanistan dan pasukan asing. Meskipun Omar menjadi sasaran perburuan internasional selama satu dekade, dia tetap bersembunyi selama sisa hidupnya. Dia meninggal karena tuberkulosis pada tahun 2013, kematiannya tidak terungkap ke dunia luar hingga tahun 2015.

Omar sebagian besar tetap populer di kalangan Taliban, yang memandangnya sebagai pejuang kemerdekaan kunci yang membela prinsip-prinsip Islam terhadap penyebaran budaya Barat di Afghanistan. Sementara penentang keamiran Taliban cenderung mengkritiknya karena pemerintahannya yang represif dan dogmatisme agamanya.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ "Fugitive Taliban leader lived short walk from US base, book reveals". the Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2019-03-10. Diakses tanggal 2022-04-16. 
  2. ^ Weiner, Tim (7 September 2001). "Man in the News; Seizing the Prophet's Mantle: Muhammad Omar". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2022. 
  3. ^ Bezhan, Frud (27 August 2020). "The Rise Of Mullah Yaqoob, The Taliban's New Military Chief". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2022. 
  4. ^ "'Taleban leader held' in Pakistan". BBC. 2 March 2007. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2022. 
  5. ^ "Mullah Omar: Taliban choose deputy Mansour as successor". BBC. 30 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2022. 
  6. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama tg1
  7. ^ "Taliban Leadership Visits Mullah Omar's Grave". CROX NEWS. 31 August 2021. 
  8. ^ a b Goldstein, Joseph; Shah, Taimoor (30 July 2015). "Death of Mullah Omar Exposes Divisions Within Taliban". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2015. 
  9. ^ a b Nikhil Kumar (29 July 2015). "Mullah Omar Taliban Death". Time. Diakses tanggal 29 July 2015. 
  10. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama auto2
  11. ^ Abdul Salam Zaeef (2010). My Life with the Taliban.
  12. ^ Arnaud de Borchgrave, "Osama bin Laden – Null and Void", UPI, 14 June 2001, quoted in Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p. 226
  13. ^ Matthew Rosenberg (28 December 2014). "Around an Invisible Leader, Taliban Power Shifts". The New York Times. hlm. A3. 
  14. ^ Shane, Scott (10 October 2009). "Dogged Taliban Chief Rebounds, Vexing U.S." Diakses tanggal 6 September 2014. 
  15. ^ "Mullah Omar obituary". The Guardian. 30 July 2015. 
  16. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Dawn
  17. ^ Anderson, Jon Lee (28 February 2022). "The Taliban Confront the Realities of Power". The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal 19 June 2023. 


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