Mioklonus

Diafragma manusia yang terlihat dari bagian depan. Otot diafragma ini dapat mengalami mioklonus yang sering disebut dengan cegukan.

Mioklonus adalah istilah deskriptif untuk suatu kelainan terhadap kontraksi otot yang bersifat tidak disadari (involunter), gerakannya acak, dan berlangsung dalam waktu sangat singkat.[1]

Karakteristik

Mioklonus dapat terjadi secara spontan saat otot dalam kondisi istirahat (tidak mengalami kontraksi), dalam respon terhadap rangsangan sensori, atau dengan gerakan yang disadari (volunter).[1] Mioklonus dapat terjadi pada berbagai otot, terutama pada unit motorik tunggal dan menyerupai fasikulasi, atau dapat juga terjadi pada kelompok otot yang menggantikan ekstremitas atau mengubah gerakan yang disadarinya.[1] Jika mioklonus berupa gejala yang terjadi pada jenis gangguan saraf dan metabolik umum secara kolektif, maka akan disebut mioklonia.[1] Mioklonus pascahipoksia adalah sindrom mioklonik khusus yang terjadi sebagai gejala kedua dari otak yang kekurangan oksigen (anoksia) secara singkat.[1] Mioklonus berupa tremor juga dapat terjadi pada bayi.[2]

Penyebab

Mioklonus dapat terjadi akibat penyakit penyimpanan lipid, ensefalitis, penyakit Ceutzfeldt-Jakob, dan ensefalopati metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kegagalan sistem pernapasan, kegagalan ginjal secara kronis, kegagalan fungsi hati, atau ketidakseimbangan elektrolit dalam tubuh.[1]

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c d e f Asdie AH. 2000. Harrison: Prinsip-prinsip Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: EGC.
  2. ^ Wahab AS. 1996. Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Nelson. Jakarta: EGC.

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