Massa kritis

Atas: Bahan fisi terlalu kecil, sehingga neutron mudah lepas dan reaksi berantai tidak dapat berjalan sendiri. Tengah: Dengan meningkatkan massa bola menjadi suatu titik yang disebut massa kritis, reaksi berantai jadi dapat berjalan sendiri. Bawah: Membungkus bola tersebut dengan pemantul neutron meningkatkan efisiensi reaksi dan massa kritikal dapat dicapai dengan bola yang lebih kecil.

Dalam fisika nuklir, massa kritis atau massa genting adalah jumlah terkecil bahan fisi yang memungkinan reaksi nuklir berantai yang berkelanjutan. Massa kritikal suatu bahan fisi tergantung beberapa faktor, di antaranya sifat inti atomnya (terutama penampang nuklir), kepadatan, dan bentuk. Bahan berbentuk bola memiliki massa kritis paling kecil (sehingga lebih mudah menjadi bahan reaksi nuklir), karena bola memiliki perbandingan luas permukaan:volume paling rendah sehingga mengurangi lepasnya neutron yang menjadi perantara reaksi berantai.[1]

Sebagai contoh, massa kritis bola uranium-235 murni adalah sekitar 47 kg, sedangkan untuk plutonium-239 kira-kira 10 kg.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Principles Of Atomic (Fission) Weapons: Critical mass and the fissile core, Encyclopædia Britannica

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