Kapal penjelajah Jepang Kuma

Kuma tahun 1935 di lepas pantai Tsingtao
Sejarah
Kekaisaran Jepang
Nama Kuma
Asal nama Sungai Kuma
Dipesan 1917 (Tahun Fiskal)
Pembangun Arsenal Angkatan Laut Sasebo
Pasang lunas 29 Agustus 1918
Diluncurkan 14 Juli 1919
Mulai berlayar 31 Agustus 1920[1]
Tidak beroperasi 10 Januari 1944
Dicoret 10 Maret 1944
Nasib Terkena torpedo oleh HMS Tally-Ho di Timur Penang 05°26′N 99°52′E / 5.433°N 99.867°E / 5.433; 99.867

Kuma (球磨) merupakan sebuah kapal penjelajah ringan milik Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang.[2]

Latar belakang

Dibangun di Sasebo dan selesai pada 14 Juli 1919, Kuma merupakan kakak sulung dari kelima bersaudari kelas Kuma sekaligus menjadi kapal pertama yang menjadi versi revisi dari kelas Tenryuu yang konsep desainnya dipandang banyak memiliki kelemahan.[3] Kuma memiliki ciri khas dibanding adik-adiknya yang lain, yakni ia memiliki topi corong tambahan dari tahun 1929.[4]

Masa dinas

Segera setelah ditugaskan secara resmi pada 31 Agustus 1920, Kuma terlibat dalam peristiwa Intervensi Siberia melawan Tentara Merah Bolshevik. Ia berperan mengawal pendaratan tentara Jepang di tanah Rusia. Setelahnya ia ditempatkan di Port Arthur dan banyak berpatroli di perairan Laut China Utara. Hampir semua kapal dalam kelas Kuma memiliki pola karier militer yang sama sebelum terjadinya Perang Dunia 2. Perbedaannya, hanya Kuma saja yang ikut dalam Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua untuk mengawal pendaratan tentara Jepang ke China.[5]

Pada awal masa penyerangan ke Pearl Harbor, Kuma berpartisipasi dalam beberapa operasi berkelanjutan dalam menginvasi Filipina, mulai dari bagian utara sampai dengan selatan.[6] Setelahnya, ia lebih banyak ditugaskan untuk berpatroli di daerah Hindia Belanda dan Papua Nugini saja. Pada awalnya, ia lebih banyak berlayar di perairan Makassar sampai Papua Nugini, namun area patrolinya semakin luas ke arah Singapura, Kepulauan Andaman, dan Port Blair.[6]

Nasib

Kariernya sendiri berakhir pada saat sedang melakukan pelatihan anti-kapal-selam bersama dengan Uranami, pada 11 Januari 1944 di sebelat barat Penang, dimana kapal selam HMS Tally-Ho berhasil mendaratkan dua dari tujuh tembakan torpedonya ke badan Kuma dan menyebabkannya tenggelam akibat ledakan peledak kedalamannya sendiri yang sebelumnya terkena rembetan api dari kebakaran karena torpedo dari Tally-Ho.[7]

Uranami mengangkut para korban yang selamat, termasuk Kapten Sugino, tapi 138 kru Kuma yang lain tewas bersamanya.[7] Kuma dihapus dari daftar kapal pada 10 Maret 1944.

Penemuan bangkai

Reruntuhan kapalnya ditemukan pada Maret 2004 oleh Kevin Denlay beserta timnya. Namun 1 dasawarsa berselang, ada rumor bahwa ada pihak tak bertanggung jawab menjarah besi tua sejumlah kapal, termasuk Kuma.[8] Dan kabar lanjutannya, kemungkinan kapal reruntuhannya Kuma nyaris seluruhnya hilang diambil oleh mereka.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Lacroix, Japanese Cruisers, hal. 794.
  2. ^ Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.  page 107
  3. ^ Stille, Imperial Japanese Navy Light Cruisers 1941-45 , hal. 14-18;
  4. ^ Jentsura, hal. 107.
  5. ^ Boyd, The Japanese Submarine Force; hal. 54
  6. ^ a b [1] CombinedFleet.com: Catatan pergerakan Kuma
  7. ^ a b O’Connell, Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20th Century ; hal. 94
  8. ^ "Thieves plunder fishing grounds for rusty ship parts - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-11. 

Referensi

Pranala luar

  • Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. "Combinedfleet.com". Catatan pergerakan Kuma (sebagai kapal penjelajah ringan). Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2018. 
  • Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett; Sander Kingsepp; Allyn Nevitt. "Combinedfleet.com". Catatan pergerakan Kuma (sebagai kapal penjelajah torpedo). Diakses tanggal 7 Februari 2018. 
  • Nishida, Hiroshi. "Nifty.com". Imperial Japanese Navy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-05. 

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