Kapal Khufu

"Kapal matahari" Khufu yang direkonstruksikan

Kapal Khufu adalah tipikal kapal dari kebudayaan Mesir Kuno yang ditemukan di saluran di kaki Piramida Khufu. Dibuat untuk Cheops, firaun kedua dari dinasti keempat penguasa Mesir Kuno. Kapal Khufu bisa ditemukan di Museum di Giza.

Kapal ini adalah salah satu kapal tertua, terbesar, dan paling baik terawetkan.

Fungsi

Sebenarnya tidak ada keterangan pasti mengenai fungsi dan sejarah kapal ini. Tetapi dilihat dari bentuknya yang berupa "kapal matahari", sebuah kapal ritual untuk membawa raja yang bangkit kembali bersama dewa matahari Ra menyeberang ke surga. Sementara dilihat dari bekas air yang menempel kepada materialnya, bisa jadi kapal ini pernah digunakan sebagai alat transportasi jasad firaun dari Memphis ke Giza. Atau bisa pula digunakan oleh Cheops sendiri sebagai "kapal ziarah" ke tempat-tempat suci sehingga kemudian dikubur bersama dengan jasadnya untuk kehidupan di dunia lain.

Keterangan teknis

Kapal ini panjangnya 43,6 meter, lebih panjang daripada trireme ''Olympias'' Yunani kuno yang direkonstruksikan, dan, sebagai perbandingan, dua kali lebih panjang daripada Golden Hind yang digunakan oleh Francis Drake untuk berlayar mengelilingi dunia.

Kapal ini kemungkinan dibuat pada tahun 2500 SM dan ditemukan kembali pada tahun 1954 oleh Kamal el Mallakh. Terbuat dari bahan kayu Cedar dengan teknik konstruksi "shell first". Saat ditemukan, kapal ini telah terurai menjadi 1200 bagian kecil yang diletakkan dalam urutan yang logis di dalam lubang di samping piramida ini, yang kemudian disatukan kembali.

Kapal Khufu ini dipamerkan untuk umum di sebuah museum yang dibangun khusus di kompleks piramida Giza sejak 1982.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

  • Nancy Jenkins - The boat beneath the pyramid: King Cheops' royal ship (1980) ISBN 0-03-057061-1
  • Paul Lipke - The royal ship of Cheops: a retrospective account of the discovery, restoration and reconstruction. Based on interviews with Hag Ahmed Youssef Moustafa (Oxford: B.A.R., 1984) ISBN 0-86054-293-9

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