Insiden berbahaya

Insiden berbahaya (bahasa Inggris: critical incidents) adalah situasi yang dialami seseorang yang biasanya melibatkan diri dalam kejadian menegangkan. Seperti profesi pemadam kebakaran, penegak hukum, paramedis, dll. Profesi tersebut memiliki risiko stres yang lebih tinggi daripada profesi lain. Akibat negatif dari stres sudah terkenal, jika bukan dari tingkat teori, tentunya dari tingkat pengalaman.[1]

Insiden berbahaya adalah sejumlah situasi yang dihadapi oleh petugas dalam keadaan darurat yang mengakibatkan mereka mengalami reaksi emosional yang kuat yang potensial memengaruhi kemampuan peran mereka di tempat kejadian atau sesudahnya (Mitchell dan Resnick,1981). Situasi tragis dan dramatis akan mengejutkan dan mengganggu jiwa manusia. Insiden ini meliputi bencana alam, berbagai kematian, luka tembak, penyelamatan, dll.[1]

Pengamatan terhadap veteran era Vietnam yang menderita Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) memberikan sumbangan studi tentang kejadian berbahaya. Semakin seseorang mengalami ancaman bagi integritas fisik dan psikologisnya, makin besar ia terluka dan terganggu secara psikologis.[1]

Perawatan

Pemulihan stres dari peristiwa berbahaya (Critical incident stress debriefing - CISD) merupakan alat pencegah untuk mengurangi akibat berbahaya dari berbagai kejadian yang penuh tekanan. Melalui CISD, petugas diajarkan untuk mengendalikan perasaan mereka dan menyangkal luka. CISD menetapkan kebijakan departemen dalam upaya untuk menghindari masalah wajib yang timbul. Mengirimkan petugas kembali masuk kerja setelah mengalami insiden yang berbahaya ketika dia tidak dalam keadaan fit secara psikologis untuk menampilkan kinerja yang baik adalah alasan yang cukup untuk melaksanakan CISD.Hampir semua personel yang terlibat perlu mengambil bagian dari CISD, terutama jika dahsyatnya peristiwa berbahaya mengarah ke insiden kritis bagi kepolisian.

Proses

Meskipun CISD mengalir melalui tahapan pelaksanaan yang bersifat fleksibel, Dr. Jeffrey Mitchell memberikan dasar analitis dengan mengartikan tahap tersebut. Dukungan awal diberikan segera setelah peristiwa berbahaya dengan berbagai perasaan secara spontan, dukungan dan penyegaran. Dalam tahap pengenalan, ahli kesehatan menjelaskan perannya, menyusun peraturan dasar, menunjuk topik rahasia dan larangan mengkritik insiden itu dari sudut pandang yang fungsional. Selanjutnya tahap fakta mendapatkan info tentang keterlibatan petugas dan sifat panggilan untuk mendapatkan bantuan polisi. Tahap fakta mendapatkan info tentang keterlibatan petugas dan sifat panggilan untuk mendapatkan bantuan polisi. Tahap perasaan membongkar berbagai reaksi emosional yang berhubungan dengan peristiwa berbahaya dan pengalaman yang terkait. Tahap gejala menyebutkan satu persatu tanggapan emosional dan kognitif masing-masing peserta. Tahap pengajaran menyelidiki semua sindrom, Tahap masuk kembali mempersiapkan seorang petugas dan partisipan lain untuk kembali bertugas. Dan terakhir adalah tahap tindak lanjut.[1]

Penanggulangan stres peristiwa berbahaya timbul bersamaan dengan pengalaman. Setelah ahli kesehatan mental menyelesaikan sekitar seratus sesi, ia akhirnya akan mulai menghargai apa makna dari aktivitas itu. Jaringan kerja sama dengan ahli lain yang memilliki pelatihan yang unik dan khusus ini bertindak sebagai perantara akan meningkatkan terapi yang ditawarkan. (Richard A. Black)

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ a b c d Ensiklopedia Ilmu Kepolisian. Jakarta: YPKIK. 2005. 

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