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Imperium Portugal

Imperium Portugis

Império Português
1415–1999
Bendera Imperium Portugal
Bendera
{{{coat_alt}}}
Lambang
Semboyan
"Vis Unita Maior Nunc et Semper" (Latin)
"Sekarang dan Selamanya, Bersatu Kita Kuat"
Lagu kebangsaan
O Hino da Carta  (1834–1911)
A Portuguesa  (1911–2002)
Wilayah Portugal dan koloninya.
Wilayah Portugal dan koloninya.
Ibu kotaLisbon a
Bahasa resmiPortugis
Pemerintahan
• Raja (pertama)
João I
• Raja (terakhir)
Manuel II
• Presiden (pertama)
Manuel de Arriaga
• Presiden (terakhir)
Jorge Sampaio
Pendirian
1415
1498
1500
1808
1815
1822
1910
1961
1961–1974
1974–1975
1999
2002
  1. ^ Ibu kota secara de facto berpindah ke Rio de Janeiro dari 1808 s.d. 1821.
  2. ^ Walaupun Portugal sudah memulai proses dekolonisasi Timor Timur dari tahun 1975, Makau, umumnya, dianggap sebagai koloni terakhir Portugal karena Invasi Indonesia atas Timor Timur dan Aneksasi Indonesia atas Timor Timur tidak diakui secara resmi oleh Portugal. Kemerdekaan Timor Leste pada tahun 2002 mengakhiri kekuasaan kolonial Portugis.
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Imperium Portugal (nama lain : Ultramar Português) adalah imperium kolonial Eropa modern yang berdiri paling awal dan terlama, hampir enam abad, dari penguasaan Ceuta tahun 1415 hingga penyerahan Makau tahun 1999.

Penjelajahan Portugis dimulai dengan menjelajahi pantai Afrika tahun 1419, yang meliputi perkembangan terakhir dalam navigasi, kartografi dan teknologi maritim seperti karavel, dan mereka menemukan jalur laut untuk mencari keuntungan dari sumber perdagangan rempah-rempah. Tahun 1488, Bartolomeu Dias mengelilingi Tanjung Harapan, dan tahun 1498, Vasco da Gama mencapai India. Tahun 1500, dengan penemuan kebetulan di pantai Amerika Selatan untuk beberapa, dengan desain mahkota rahasia untuk lainnya, Pedro Álvares Cabral menemukan dan memimpin untuk penetapan koloni Brasil. Lebih dari satu dasawarsa berikutnya, pelaut Portugis melanjutkan penjelajahan pantai-pantai dan pulau Asia Timur, mendirikan benteng dan pos perdagangan ketika mereka pergi. Tahun 1571, hubungan surat menghubungkan Lisboa hingga Nagasaki: imperium telah menjadi sangat mendunia, dan membawa proses kekayaan melimpah terhadap Portugal.

Akhir dari Imperium Portugal ditandai dengan Dekolonisasi Afrika dan Revolusi Anyelir tahun 1974. Menyebabkan wilayah koloni yang tersisa memerdekakan diri.

Pembentukan

Kebangkitan dan Kejayaan

Kemunduran

Daftar Bekas Koloni Portugal

No Teritori/Wilayah Periode
1 Brasil Kolonial 1500–1815
2 Mozambik Portugis 1498–1975
3 Afrika Barat Portugis 1655–1975
4 Melaka Portugis 1511–1641
5 India Portugis 1510–1961
6 Pantai Emas Portugis 1482–1642
7 Tanjung Verde Portugis 1462–1975
8 Sao Tome dan Principe Portugis 1470–1975
9 Guinea Portugis 1879–1974
10 Makau Portugis 1557–1999
11 Timor Portugis 1702–1975/2002

Referensi

Umum

  • Russell-Wood, A.J.P. The Portuguese Empire 1415-1825
  • Allen, K. 1954 The Portuguese Empire and Its Defeat, Vol. 1 hlm. 224-234

Catatan

Sumber-sumber, Referensi dan pranala luar

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