Holocentridae

Holocentridae
Rentang waktu: Zaman kapur akhir–sekarang
Holocentrus rufus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
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Holocentriformes

Betancur-R. et al., 2013
Famili:
Holocentridae

Subfamili & genus[1]

Holocentridae adalah satu-satunya keluarga ikan bersirip kipas dalan ordo Holocentriformes.[1] Anggota subfamili Holocentrinae biasanya dikenal sebagai "ikan bajing", sedangkan anggota subfamili Myripristinae biasanya dikenal sebagai "ikan tentara".[2] Di Hawaii mereka dikenal dengan nama Jepang mempachi/menpachi (メンパチ) atau Bahasa Hawaii ʻūʻū.

Mereka ditemukan di bagian tropis Samudera Hindia, Pasifik dan Atlantik, dengan kekayaan spesies terbesar di dekat terumbu karang perairan Indo-Pasifik. Sebagian besar spesiesnya ditemukan pada kedalaman dari garis pantai hingga 100 m, namun beberapa diantaranya, terutama anggota genus Ostichthys biasa ditemukan jauh lebih dalam. Sebagian besar atau seluruh spesiesnya aktif pada malam hari. Mereka memiliki mata yang relatif besar. Pada siang hari mereka biasanya bersembunyi di celah-celah, gua, atau di bawah tepian.[3] Kebanyakan spesiesnya berwarna merah dan keperakan.[2][4] Duri preoperkel (dekat bukaan insang) anggota subfamili Holocentrinae berbisa, dan dapat menimbulkan luka yang menyakitkan.[5][6] Kebanyakan spesiesnya mempunyai panjang maksimum 15–35 cm, tetapi Sargocentron iota hampir tidak mencapai panjang 8 cm, dan S. spiniferum serta Holocentrus adscensionis dapat mencapai panjang lebih dari 50 cm. Ikan bajing umumnya memakan ikan-ikan kecil dan invertebrata bentik (penghuni lubuk), sedangkan ikan tentara biasanya memakan zooplankton.[6] Larvanya bersifat pelagis, tidak seperti larva dewasa, dan dapat ditemukan jauh di laut.[3]

Linimasa

Ikan holocentridae definitif pertama kali muncul pada masa Kenozoikum paling awal dan memiliki catatan fosil yang sederhana.[7]

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneCornigerPlectrypopsMyripristisPristilepisOstichthysHolocentrusNeoniphonSargocentronHolocentritesTenuicentrumEoholocentrumBerybolcensisIridopristisQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleocene

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Holocentridae" in FishBase. October 2012 version.
  2. ^ a b Lieske, Ewald, & Robert Myers. 1999. Coral Reef Fishes - Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean including the Red Sea. 2nd edition. ISBN 0-691-00481-1
  3. ^ a b Paxton, John R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 161. ISBN 0-12-547665-5. 
  4. ^ Debelius, Helmut. 1993. Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide. ISBN 3-927991-01-5
  5. ^ Randall, John E. 2005. Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific.. ISBN 0-8248-2698-1
  6. ^ a b Allen, Gerry. 1999. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and south-east Asia. ISBN 0-7309-8363-3
  7. ^ Andrews, J. V.; Schein, J. P.; Friedman, M. (2023). "An earliest Paleocene squirrelfish (Teleostei: Beryciformes: Holocentroidea) and its bearing on the timescale of holocentroid evolution". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2168571alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 

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