Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh
Lukisan Guru Gobind Singh
Nama lainTenth Nanak[1]
Informasi pribadi
Lahir
Gobind Rai

22 Desember 1666
Meninggal7 Oktober 1708(1708-10-07) (umur 41)
AgamaSikhisme
PasanganMata Jito, Mata Sundari dan Mata Sahib Devan[2]
AnakAjit Singh
Jujhar Singh
Zorawar Singh
Fateh Singh
Orang tuaGuru Tegh Bahadur, Mata Gujri
Dikenal sebagaiMendirikan Khalsa[3]
Menulis Jaap Sahib, Chandi di Var, Tav-Prasad Savaiye, Zafarnamah, Bachittar Natak, Akal Ustat, Chaupai (Sikhisme)
Kiprah keagamaan
PendahuluGuru Tegh Bahadur
PenerusGuru Granth Sahib

Guru Gobind Singh (22 Desember 1666 – 7 Oktober 1708),[4][5] lahir dengan nama Gobind Rai, adalah Guru Sikh kesepuluh dan juga seorang prajurit, penyair dan filsuf. Setelah ayahnya yang bernama Guru Tegh Bahadur dipenggal karena menolak masuk Islam,[6][7] Guru Gobind Singh secara resmi menjadi pemimpin orang Sikh pada umur kesembilan.[8] Empat anak laki-lakinya meninggal pada masa hidupnya selama peperangan Mughal-Sikh - dua gugur dalam pertempuran dan dua lainnya dihukum mati oleh angkatan darat Kemaharajaan Mughal.[9][10][11]

Beberapa kontribusinya yang paling penting untuk agama Sikhisme adalah pendirian komunitas prajurit Sikh yang disebut Khalsa pada tahun 1699[3][12][13] dan pengenalan lima K, yaitu lima lambang keimanan yang dikenakan oleh orang-orang Sikh Khalsa setiap saat. Guru Gobind Singh juga melanjutkan formalisasi agama Sikhisme, menulis teks-teks Sikh yang penting,[14][15] dan menjadikan kitab suci Guru Granth Sahib sebagai Guru abadi Sikhisme.[16]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. hlm. 311. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8. 
  2. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama dalbirsingh144
  3. ^ a b Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair; Christopher Shackle; Gurharpal Singh (2013). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. hlm. 25–28. ISBN 978-1-136-84627-4. 
  4. ^ Ganda Singh. "GOBIND SINGH, GURU (1666-1708)". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-07-29. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2016. 
  5. ^ Owen Cole, William; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practice. Sussex Academic Press. hlm. 36. 
  6. ^ Guru Tegh Bahadur Diarsipkan 2017-04-14 di Wayback Machine. BBC Religions (2009)
  7. ^ Everett Jenkins, Jr. (2000). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500-1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. hlm. 200. ISBN 978-1-4766-0889-1. 
  8. ^ Jon Mayled (2002). Sikhism. Heinemann. hlm. 12. ISBN 978-0-435-33627-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. 
  9. ^ Chris Seiple; Dennis Hoover; Pauletta Otis (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security. Routledge. hlm. 93. ISBN 978-0-415-66744-9. ;
    John F. Richards (1995). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 255–258. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-01. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. 
  10. ^ "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre. 20 (218-229): 28. 1972. 
  11. ^ Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 218–222. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-16. 
  12. ^ "BBC Religions - Sikhism". BBC. 26 October 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-23. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-30. 
  13. ^ P Dhavan (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press. hlm. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1. 
  14. ^ Singh, Patwant; (2000). The Sikhs. Alfred A Knopf Publishing. Pages 17. ISBN 0-375-40728-6.
  15. ^ "A Biography of Guru Guru Nanak on BBC". BBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-18. Diakses tanggal 2011-12-30. 
  16. ^ Christopher Shelke (2009). Divine covenant: rainbow of religions and cultures. Gregorian Press. hlm. 199. ISBN 978-88-7839-143-7. 

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