Flu Rusia 1977

Flu Rusia 1977 adalah sebuah pandemi influenza yang pertama kali dikabarkan oleh Uni Soviet pada 1977 dan berlangsung sampai 1979.[1][2] Wabah tersebut dimulai di Tiongkok utara pada Mei 1977, lebih awal ketimbang wabah yang terjadi di Uni Soviet.[3][4] Pandemi tersebut banyak berdampak pada orang-orang yang lebih muda pada usia 25 atau 26 tahun,[1][5][6] dan mengakibatkan sekitar 700.000 kematian di seluruh dunia.[7][8][9] Pandemi tersebut disebabkan oleh jenis flu H1N1 yang mengingatkan pada virus yang beredar di seluruh dunia dari 1946 sampai 1957.[1][2][5][6] Analisis genetik dan beberapa karakter tak lazim dari flu Rusia 1977 membuat banyak peneliti berspekulasi bahwa virus tersebut tersebar akibat sebuah kecelakaan laboratorium.[4][5][10][11][12][13]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c "Influenza Pandemic Plan. The Role of WHO and Guidelines for National and Regional Planning" (PDF). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. April 1999. hlm. 38, 41. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-12-03. 
  2. ^ a b Mermel LA (June 2009). "Swine-origin influenza virus in young age groups". Lancet (dalam bahasa English). 373 (9681): 2108–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61145-4. PMID 19541030. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  3. ^ Kung HC, Jen KF, Yuan WC, Tien SF, Chu CM (1978). "Influenza in China in 1977: recurrence of influenzavirus A subtype H1N1". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 56 (6): 913–8. PMC 2395678alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 310732. 
  4. ^ a b Wertheim JO (June 2010). "The re-emergence of H1N1 influenza virus in 1977: a cautionary tale for estimating divergence times using biologically unrealistic sampling dates". PloS One. 5 (6): e11184. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011184. PMC 2887442alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 20567599. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-05. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  5. ^ a b c Rozo M, Gronvall GK (August 2015). "The Reemergent 1977 H1N1 Strain and the Gain-of-Function Debate". mBio. 6 (4). doi:10.1128/mBio.01013-15. PMC 4542197alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 26286690. 
  6. ^ a b Gregg MB, Hinman AR, Craven RB (November 1978). "The Russian flu. Its history and implications for this year's influenza season". Jama. 240 (21): 2260–3. doi:10.1001/jama.240.21.2260. PMID 702749. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-23. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  7. ^ Michaelis M, Doerr HW, Cinatl J (August 2009). "Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 198 (3): 175–83. doi:10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5. PMID 19543913. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-26. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  8. ^ Petrovski BÉ, Lumi X, Znaor L, Ivastinović D, Confalonieri F, Petrovič MG, Petrovski G (July 2020). "Reorganize and survive-a recommendation for healthcare services affected by COVID-19-the ophthalmology experience". Eye. 34 (7): 1177–1179. doi:10.1038/s41433-020-0871-7. PMID 32313170. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  9. ^ "You're more likely to die from the H1N1 flu if you were born in 1957". University of Montreal (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2020-11-18. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-01-31. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-24. 
  10. ^ Furmanski M (September 2015). "The 1977 H1N1 Influenza Virus Reemergence Demonstrated Gain-of-Function Hazards". mBio. 6 (5): e01434–15. doi:10.1128/mBio.01434-15. PMC 4611044alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 26419881. 
  11. ^ Zimmer SM, Burke DS (July 2009). "Historical perspective--Emergence of influenza A (H1N1) viruses". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (3): 279–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0904322. PMID 19564632. 
  12. ^ Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y (August 2005). "Influenza: lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 3 (8): 591–600. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1208. PMID 16064053. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-23. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-25. 
  13. ^ Nolan, Tom (2009-07-02). "Was H1N1 leaked from a laboratory?". The BMJ (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-04. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-24. 

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