Feminisme Marxis

Feminisme Marxis adalah sebuah varian filsafat dari feminisme yang memadukan dan memperluas teori Marxis. Konsep feminisme marxis lahir dari pemikiran seorang filsuf asal Jerman yang sangat terkemuka yang bernama Karl Marx.[1] Bagi feminisme marxis, penindasan kaum perempuan adalah bagian dari penindasan kelas dalam hubungan produksi.[1] Feminisme Marxis menganalisa jalan atau cara perempuan dan gender lain dieksploitasi, diopresi, atau didiskriminasi, melalui kapitalisme dan kepemilikan individual dari properti pribadi.[2] Salah seorang feminis Marxis, yakni Sharon Smith, pada Mei 2013, pernah menulis bahwa pembebasan perempuan dapat dicapai melalui memasukkan perempuan dan gender lain ke dalam kegiatan ekonomi yang bersifat produktif di dalam suatu sistem yang penuh dengan perencanaan.[3] Feminis Marxis memperluas analisis Marxis tradisional dengan menerapkannya kepada pekerja/pembantu rumah tangga tak dibayar dan hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin.[1]

Karl Marx setuju dengan Charles Fourier yang berpendapat bahwa kemajuan manusia berkait-kelindan erat dengan emansipasi atau terbebasnya manusia dari hubungan-hubungan yang bersifat seksis.[4] Kiprah Marx dan Friedrich Engels juga diamini tokoh sosialis lain, yakni August Bebel dan Lewis Henry Morgan.[5] Marx berargumen bahwa kerja tanpa henti menghilangkan peran, relasi, dan kerja terencana antara orang tua dan anak.[6] Marx, selanjutnya, juga mempertahankan argumen bahwa kerja-kerja pengasuhan dan pembesaran keluarga secara tradisional merupakan suatu cara untuk mempertahankan kepemilikan pribadi.[6]

Mengingat pondasinya di dalam materialisme historis, feminisme Marxis memiliki kemiripan dengan feminisme sosialis dan, pada kerangka yang lebih luas lagi, feminisme materialis. Dua kerangka ini memberikan batasan-batasan yang lebih besar lagi di dalam teori Marxis.[7] Namun, seperti yang telah dicatat oleh Martha E. Gimenez di dalam penelusurannya mengenai perbedaan di antara feminisme materialis dan feminisme Marxis,[7] "cukup sulit untuk membangun garis demarkasi teoritis yang jelas di antara maupun di dalam dua istilah payung besar ini."

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Arwan; Mahyuni; Nuriadi (2019). "Perjuangan Perempuan dalam Sarinah karya Soekarno: Kajian Kritik Sastra Feminisme Marxis". Basastra: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Medan Estate, Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang: Universitas Negeri Medan. 8 (2): 157. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-19. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-30. 
  2. ^ Desai, Murli (30 Oktober). "Feminism and policy approaches for gender aware development". The paradigm of international social development: ideologies, development systems and policy approaches. New York: Routledge. hlm. 119. ISBN 9781135010256. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-19. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2023. 
  3. ^ Smith, Sharon (Mei 2013). "Theorizing women's oppression - Part 1: Domestic labor and women's oppression" [Menteorikan opresi perempuan - Bagian 1: Kerja Domestik dan penindasan perempuan]. International Socialist Review (88). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-01. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2023. it represents the socialist tendency for all labor to become part of social production ... in a planned and conscious manner, corresponding to the needs of the people as a whole. A socialist society, Vogel continues, "undermine[s] the foundation for the oppression of women within the individual household and in society. The extension of democracy, the drawing of women into public production, and the progressive transformation of domestic labor during the socialist transition open up the possibility for what Marx calls 'a higher form of the family and relations between the sexes.'" 
  4. ^ Hayden, Carol Eubanks. 1979 /1984. Feminism and Bolshevism: The Zhenotdel and the Politics of Women’s Emancipation in Russia, 1917-1930. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International.
  5. ^ Hayden, Carol Eubanks. 1979 /1984. Feminism and Bolshevism: The Zhenotdel and the Politics of Women’s Emancipation in Russia, 1917-1930. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International. p. 32-34
  6. ^ a b Field, Mark G. 1968. “Workers (and Mothers): Soviet Women Today.” pp.7-56 in The Role and Status of Women in the Soviet Union by Donald R. Brown, ed. NYC: Teachers College Press. pp. 8-9
  7. ^ a b Gimenez, Martha E. (1998). "Marxist/Materialist Feminism". Pusat Budaya dan Diskursus Digital Institut Politeknik dan Universitas Negeri Virginia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-29. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2020. 

Bacaan tambahan

Dikutip dalam:
Louis, Prakash (2005), "Hindutva and weaker sections: conflict between dominance and resistance Diarsipkan 2023-07-19 di Wayback Machine.", in Puniyani, Ram, ed. (2005-07-21). Religion, power & violence: expression of politics in contemporary times. New Delhi Thousand Oaks: Sage. hlm. 171. ISBN 9780761933380. 
  • Poonacha, Veena (1995), Gender within the human rights discourse, RCWS Gender Series, Bombay: Research Centre for Women's Studies. S.N.D.T. Women's University, OCLC 474755917 

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