Elagabalus (dewa)

Elagabalus /ˌɛləˈɡæbələs/, Aelagabalus, Heliogabalus, /ˌhliəˈɡæbələs/ atau Elagabal saja, adalah dewa matahari Arab-Romawi[1] yang pernah dipuja di kota Emesa (kini Homs) di Suriah . Meskipun terdapat berbagai ragam nama, dewa ini selalu disebut dengan nama Elagabalus pada koin dan prasasti Romawi sejak tahun 218 M, pada masa pemerintahan Kaisar Elagabalus.[2]

Pemujaan

Kuil di Emesa, berisi batu suci, di belakang koin perunggu ini oleh perampas kekuasaan Romawi Uranius

Elagabalus pada mulanya dihormati di Emesa, Suriah, dan Dinasti Arab Emesa berperan sebagai imamnya. Nama Elagabalus merupakan Latinisasi dari penjelmaan sang dewa, "Ilah Al-Gabal" ("إله الجبل"), yang dapat diterjemahkan menjadi "Dewa Gunung".[3][4]

Pemujaan dewa Elagabalus menyebar ke wilayah lainnya di Kekaisaran Romawi pada abad kedua. Sebagai contoh, inskripsi yang dipersembahkan untuk sang dewa telah ditemukan hingga di Woerden, Belanda.[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Shahid, Irfan (1984). Rome and the Arabs. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. hlm. 36. ISBN 0-88402-115-7. Just as the pagan Arab cult of the sun-god of Emesa is a relevant feature of background for the interest of the Severi in religion and in the case of Elagabalus for the installation of the Arab sun-god in Rome itself 
  2. ^ Martijn Icks, The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor (2011) hlm. 48
  3. ^ Ball, Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire, hlm. 37
  4. ^ The Journal of Juristic Papyrology, volume 23, page 116: "und mit palmyrenischer Inschrift "Gott Berg" steht die umstrittene Etymologie des Namens "Elagabal" (ilah ha-gabal) fest"
  5. ^ The Woerden Elagabal Inscription.

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