Dalam Gereja Katolik, seorang rohaniwan yang diangkat menjadi kardinal diberi gelar gereja tituler, yang berada di Roma, Italia. Gereja tersebut adalah gereja-gereja di kota tersebut, di bawah Keuskupan Roma, yang dapat diberikan kepada kardinal sebagai gelar kehormatan yang melambangkan hubungan mereka dengan keuskupan tersebut dan uskupnya, Sri Paus, yang merupakan kepala gereja secara keseluruhan.[1] Menurut Kitab Hukum Kanon, seorang kardinal meraih gereja tituler melalui konsel atau melalui kepatronan, meskipun "ia tak memiliki kekuasaan kepemimpinan atas gereja tersebut, dan ia tak harus ikut campur untuk alasan apapun dalam materi-materi terkait administrasi kebaikannya, atau disiplinnya, atau layanan gereja tersebut".[2]
Terdapat dua jenis gereja tituler: titel dan kedeakonan. Sebuah titel (bahasa Latin: titulus) adalah sebuah gereja tituler yang diberikan kepada kardinal imam (ordo kedua Dewan Kardinal), sementara kedeakonan (bahasa Latin: diaconia) diberikan kepada kardinal deakon (ordo ketiga).[2] Kardinal yang kemudian terpilih menjadi kardinal uskup (ordo pertama) kehilangan gereja titulernya dan kemudian ditransfer ke gelar keuskupan suburbikaria lowong, di sekitaran Roma. Para PatriarkKatolik Timur yang diangkat menjadi kardinal uskup tak diberi gelar keuskupan suburbikaria.[2] Kardinal Katolik Timur lainnya diberi gereja tituler, sesuai standar.
Saat kardinal wafat atau ditransfer, gereja tituler menjadi lowong; kardinal lain kemudian dapat memegangnya. Gereja lain di Roma juga dapat dijadikan gereja tituler baru jika diminta. Kardinal dapat meminta ditransfer ke gereja tituler baru dalam sebuah konsistori; selain itu, saat kardinal deakon mengambil opsi menjadi kardinal imam (biasanya setelah sepuluh tahun), kardinal dapat memilih untuk ditransfer dari kedeakonan mereka ke gelar lowong atau kedeakonannya diangkat dari status pro hac vice ("untuk pengkhususan") untuk sebuah titel.[2] Terkadang, sebuah gereja tituler diberikan secara in commendam ("dalam kepercayaan") kepada seorang kardinal yang ditransfer ke gereja tituler berbeda atau ke keuskupan suburbikaria.[3]
Saat ini, daftar ini meliputi 230 gereja tituler, 163 diantaranya adalah gelar dan 67 diantaranya adalah kedeakonan, bersama dengan 25 gereja yang dulunya tituler yang sekarang ditangguhkan dan tujuh keuskupan suburbikaria, serta tiga kardinal patriarkh Katolik Timur. Status gereja tertentu sebagai basilika juga diindikasikan. Hingga 11 Maret 2018[update], 23 gereja tituler (12 gelar dan 11 kedeakonan) sedang lowong. Status gereja tertentu sebagai basilika juga diindikasikan.
Keuskupan suburbikaria
Terdapat tujuh keuskupan suburbikaria, yang dipakai sebagai gelar enam kardinal uskup. Sejak 1914, keuskupan sububikaria Ostia dijadikan gelar tambahan Kepala Dewan Kardinal, selain gelar aslinya saat diangkat menjadi kardinal uskup.[4]
Patriarkat-patriarkat dari para patriark Katolik Timur yang diangkat menjadi kardinal dianggap menjadi gelar mereka;[2] tak seperti kardinal lainnya, mereka tak menjadi bagian dari rohaniwan Roma.[16] There are three such cardinals.
^"Kardinaal Simonis (88) overleden". NOS (dalam bahasa Belanda). 2 September 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 September 2020. Diakses tanggal 2 September 2020.Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
^ abcdefKesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah;
tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Cons. 2010-11-20
^ abc"Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali" [Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals] (dalam bahasa Italia). Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice. 22 February 2014. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018.
^ abc"Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali" [Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals] (dalam bahasa Italia). Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice. 14 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018.
^"Rinunce e Nomine, 20.05.2006" [Resignations and Appointments, 20.05.2006] (dalam bahasa Italia). Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 20 May 2006. Rinuncia dell’Arcivescovo Metropolita di Napoli (Italia) e nomina del successore. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018.
^ abc"Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali" [Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals] (dalam bahasa Italia). Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice. 19 November 2016. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018.
^Pope Innocent X (5 October 1654). "Hodie in concistorio". Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum Taurinenses editio (Papal bull) (dalam bahasa Latin). Augustae Taurinorum: A. Vecco et sociis editoribus. XV. pp. 773–775. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018 – via Internet Archive.
^ abcdefghijklPope Sixtus V (13 April 1587). "Religiosa" (Apostolic constitution). Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum Taurinenses editio (dalam bahasa Latin). Neapoli: Henrico Caporaso editore. VIII. pp. 833–837. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2018 – via Internet Archive.
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Cardinals.
Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "lower-roman", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="lower-roman"/> yang berkaitan
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