Bohemianisme

Pierre-Auguste Renoir, La Bohémienne, 1868.

Bohemianisme adalah gaya hidup yang tidak konvensional dan sering kali ditemani oleh orang-orang sepemikiran dan dengan sedikit ikatan permanen. Gaya hidup ini mencakup minat musik, artistik, sastra atau spiritual. Dalam konteks ini, seorang pengikut bohemianisme dapat menjadi seorang pengelana, petualang atau penjelajah.

Istilah "Bohemianisme" pertama kali muncul di Prancis pada awal abad ke-19 saat artis dan seniman mulai berkumpul di daerah orang miskin dengan biaya sewa yang rendah atau daerah yang dihuni oleh orang Rom. Bohémien sendiri sebelumnya merupakan istilah yang sering digunakan untuk menyebut orang Rom di Prancis.[1] Sementara itu, penggunaan kata "bohemian" dalam bahasa Inggris pertama kali tercatat pada abad ke-19 untuk mendeskripsikan gaya hidup artis, penulis, jurnalis, musisi dan aktor di kota-kota besar Eropa yang termarginalisasi dan miskin. Gaya hidup ini dikaitkan dengan sudut pandang politik atau sosial yang tidak lazim atau bertentangan dengan gagasan politik, ekonomi dan sosial yang sudah ada. Walaupun begitu, ada pula kelompok aristokrat bohemian yang kaya, dan mereka diberi julukan haute bohème.[2][3]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Bohemian etymology". Online Etymology Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-27. 
  2. ^ "SeaDict Online Dictionary". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-06. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2013. 
  3. ^ Turque, Bill (17 February 2013). "Montgomery County looks to get hip". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2013. 

Bacaan lanjut

  • Levin, Joanna (2010). Bohemia in America, 1858–1920. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-6083-6. 
  • Siegel, Jerrold (1999). Bohemian Paris: Culture, Politics, and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Life, 1830–1930. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6063-8. 
  • Tarnoff, Benjamin (2014) The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1594204739.

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